For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, January 10, 2012 USDL-12-0027
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – November 2011
There were 3.2 million job openings on the last business day of
November, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The
hires rate (3.2 percent) and separations rate (3.0 percent) were
little changed over the month. The job openings rate has trended
upward since the end of the recession in June 2009. (Recession dates
are determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research.) This
release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings,
hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by
geographic region.
Job Openings
The number of job openings in November was 3.2 million, unchanged from
October. (See table 1.) Although the number of job openings remained
below the 4.4 million openings when the recession began in December
2007, the level in November was 1.0 million higher than in July 2009
(the most recent trough for the series). The number of job openings
has increased 30 percent since the end of the recession in June 2009.
The number of job openings in November (not seasonally adjusted) was
little changed over the year for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. Several industries saw increases in the number of job
openings over the year, while the number of job openings decreased for
finance and insurance, professional and business services, and federal
government. The Midwest and South regions had increases in the number
of job openings and the West experienced a decline over the year. (See
table 5.)
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | Oct. | Nov.
| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............|2,966 |3,224 |3,161 |3,943 |4,042 |4,149 |3,869 |3,898 |3,995
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,639 |2,864 |2,819 |3,668 |3,785 |3,865 |3,568 |3,617 |3,696
Construction.....| 94 | 84 | 87 | 324 | 339 | 309 | 342 | 328 | 318
Manufacturing....| 213 | 232 | 227 | 272 | 235 | 237 | 265 | 216 | 220
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 430 | 552 | 556 | 799 | 816 | 813 | 773 | 767 | 728
Retail trade....| 248 | 306 | 304 | 548 | 550 | 572 | 541 | 517 | 508
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 647 | 576 | 517 | 761 | 846 | 841 | 687 | 817 | 806
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 528 | 593 | 606 | 491 | 471 | 469 | 460 | 440 | 453
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 253 | 374 | 406 | 590 | 666 | 734 | 595 | 634 | 708
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 30 | 47 | 55 | 94 | 121 | 147 | 99 | 105 | 143
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 224 | 328 | 351 | 496 | 545 | 587 | 497 | 529 | 564
Government(3).....| 327 | 360 | 342 | 275 | 257 | 284 | 300 | 281 | 299
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 244 | 293 | 295 | 243 | 228 | 253 | 263 | 250 | 263
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4
Construction.....| 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.8
Manufacturing....| 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.9
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.9
Retail trade....| 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 3.7 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 4.6
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 1.9 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.3
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 1.5 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 7.7 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 7.5
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 2.0 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.9
Government(3).....| 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = Preliminary
Hires
In November, the hires rate was little changed at 3.2 percent for
total nonfarm. The hires rate was essentially unchanged over the month
in all industries and regions. (See table 2.) The number of hires in
November was 4.1 million, up from 3.6 million in October 2009 (the
most recent trough) but below the 5.0 million hires recorded when the
recession began in December 2007. The number of hires has increased by
15 percent since the end of the recession in June 2009.
Over the past 12 months, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) was
little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The
hires rate increased over the year in arts, entertainment, and
recreation and was essentially unchanged in every other industry. The
hires rate was essentially unchanged in all four regions. (See table
6.)
Separations
The total separations figure includes voluntary quits, involuntary
layoffs and discharges, and other separations, including retirements.
Total separations is also referred to as turnover.
The seasonally adjusted total separations rate was little changed in
November for total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table
3.) Over the year, the total separations rate (not seasonally
adjusted) also was little changed for total nonfarm, total private,
and government. (See table 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. In November, the quits rate was little changed
for total nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table 4.) The
number of quits rose from 1.5 million in January 2010 (the most recent
trough) to 2.0 million in November, although it remained below the 2.8
million recorded when the recession began in December 2007.
The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) in November 2011 rose
for total nonfarm over the year, but was little changed for total
private and government. No industries or regions experienced a
significant change in the number of quits over the year. (See table
8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted only at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. The layoffs and discharges rate was essentially
unchanged in November 2011 for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. The number of layoffs and discharges for total nonfarm was
1.7 million in November, down from a peak of 2.5 million in February
2009. For the 16 months ending in November 2011, the number of layoffs
and discharges has been at or below 1.8 million—the level at the start
of the recession. (See table B.)
The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) for total
nonfarm and total private was little changed over the 12 months ending
in November 2011, while the number of layoffs and discharges for
government declined. Over the year, the number of layoffs and
discharges declined for nondurable goods manufacturing, federal
government, and state and local government. The number of layoffs and
discharges increased in arts, entertainment, and recreation over the
year. All four regions experienced little change in the number of
layoffs and discharges. (See table 9.)
Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | Oct. | Nov.
| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1,739 | 1,595 | 1,691 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3
Total private.....| 1,601 | 1,497 | 1,582 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4
Government........| 138 | 98 | 110 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = Preliminary
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In November
2011, there were 270,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 225,000
for total private, and 45,000 for government. Compared to November
2010, the number of other separations was little changed for total
nonfarm, total private, and government. (See table 10.)
Relative Contributions to Separations
The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution
of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. Other separations is historically a very small portion of
total separations; it has rarely been above 10 percent of total
separations. The percentage of total separations attributable to the
individual components has varied over time at the total nonfarm level,
but for the majority of the months since the series began in December
2000, the proportion of quits has exceeded the proportion of layoffs
and discharges. For most of the months between November 2008 and
November 2010, however, the proportion of layoffs and discharges was
equal to or greater than the proportion of quits. Since November 2010,
the series have returned to their historical pattern. In November
2011, the proportion of quits for total nonfarm was 49 percent, and
the proportion of layoffs and discharges was 42 percent. (See table
C.)
Table C. Quits and layoffs and discharges as a percentage of total separations, seasonally adjusted
(Levels in thousands)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Quits | Layoffs and discharges
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | Oct. | Nov.
| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p | 2010 | 2011 | 2011p
Industry | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |Portion | |Portion | |Portion | |Portion | |Portion | |Portion
| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1,756 | 45% | 1,923 | 49% | 1,964 | 49% | 1,739 | 45% | 1,595 | 41% | 1,691 | 42%
Total private.....| 1,653 | 46% | 1,808 | 50% | 1,841 | 50% | 1,601 | 45% | 1,497 | 41% | 1,582 | 43%
Government........| 102 | 34% | 114 | 41% | 123 | 41% | 138 | 46% | 98 | 35% | 110 | 37%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
p = Preliminary
Net Change in Employment
Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout
the business cycle. Over the 12 months ending in November 2011, hires
totaled 48.6 million and separations totaled 47.2 million, yielding a
net employment gain of 1.4 million. These figures include workers who
may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for December 2011
are scheduled to be released on Tuesday, February 7, 2012 at 10:00
a.m. (EST).
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, web, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires,
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special collection procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS
sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from
these units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model
to estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward to the present using an econometric technique known as X-12
ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data
to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components–-quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations--in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12 ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The monthly alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government
time series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-
percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p
Total................................. 2,966 3,169 3,213 3,129 3,377 3,224 3,161 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,639 2,835 2,905 2,799 3,003 2,864 2,819 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5
Construction........................... 94 68 75 102 70 84 87 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.6
Manufacturing.......................... 213 217 252 232 235 232 227 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 430 515 540 490 561 552 556 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2
Retail trade.......................... 248 332 312 324 328 306 304 1.7 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0
Professional and business services..... 647 616 640 621 675 576 517 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.2 2.9
Education and health services.......... 528 596 604 609 616 593 606 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9
Leisure and hospitality................ 253 360 338 351 383 374 406 1.9 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.7 3.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 30 55 62 44 62 47 55 1.5 2.8 3.2 2.3 3.1 2.4 2.8
Accommodation and food services....... 224 305 276 307 321 328 351 2.0 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.0
Government(6)......................... 327 334 309 329 374 360 342 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5
State and local government............. 244 279 253 287 312 293 295 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5
REGION(7)
Northeast........................... 603 522 570 589 586 552 631 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.4
South............................... 1,053 1,109 1,192 1,108 1,273 1,223 1,251 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.6
Midwest............................. 634 686 714 732 704 725 742 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4
West................................ 769 753 753 775 818 810 637 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.2
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p
Total................................. 3,943 4,058 3,976 4,060 4,150 4,042 4,149 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,668 3,797 3,733 3,785 3,885 3,785 3,865 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5
Construction........................... 324 360 334 309 367 339 309 5.9 6.5 6.0 5.6 6.6 6.1 5.6
Manufacturing.......................... 272 260 259 249 234 235 237 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 799 802 767 779 778 816 813 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2
Retail trade.......................... 548 553 552 526 547 550 572 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.9
Professional and business services..... 761 806 819 863 895 846 841 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.8
Education and health services.......... 491 485 472 481 482 471 469 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 590 689 682 679 698 666 734 4.5 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.0 5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 94 104 96 110 126 121 147 5.0 5.5 5.1 5.8 6.6 6.4 7.7
Accommodation and food services....... 496 585 586 569 572 545 587 4.4 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.8 5.1
Government(6)......................... 275 261 243 275 264 257 284 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3
State and local government............. 243 238 219 247 237 228 253 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3
REGION(7)
Northeast........................... 701 681 675 604 662 667 680 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7
South............................... 1,572 1,503 1,488 1,526 1,592 1,577 1,566 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3
Midwest............................. 879 908 910 919 987 949 988 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3
West................................ 883 910 893 868 969 904 919 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.2
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p
Total................................. 3,869 3,993 3,962 3,960 4,052 3,898 3,995 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,568 3,687 3,659 3,688 3,763 3,617 3,696 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4
Construction........................... 342 371 327 320 338 328 318 6.2 6.7 5.9 5.8 6.1 5.9 5.8
Manufacturing.......................... 265 252 239 250 238 216 220 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 773 785 770 762 782 767 728 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9
Retail trade.......................... 541 538 547 521 546 517 508 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.5
Professional and business services..... 687 766 806 824 850 817 806 4.1 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.6
Education and health services.......... 460 459 431 444 414 440 453 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2
Leisure and hospitality................ 595 653 670 689 693 634 708 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.2 4.8 5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 99 101 97 113 137 105 143 5.2 5.3 5.1 6.0 7.2 5.5 7.5
Accommodation and food services....... 497 552 573 576 557 529 564 4.4 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.9
Government(6)......................... 300 306 302 272 289 281 299 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4
State and local government............. 263 273 271 240 255 250 263 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4
REGION(7)
Northeast........................... 715 634 665 627 687 638 676 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.7
South............................... 1,407 1,421 1,482 1,463 1,519 1,447 1,557 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.3
Midwest............................. 890 934 905 903 877 846 816 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7
West................................ 829 863 853 812 901 814 860 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.0
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p
Total................................. 1,756 1,904 1,969 2,006 2,000 1,923 1,964 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,653 1,786 1,839 1,889 1,884 1,808 1,841 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
Construction........................... 56 75 71 66 84 75 79 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.4
Manufacturing.......................... 103 109 101 98 97 102 118 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 .9 1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 388 432 412 422 437 439 401 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6
Retail trade.......................... 292 333 316 319 327 313 290 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0
Professional and business services..... 317 330 391 383 391 341 387 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2
Education and health services.......... 248 264 238 268 246 239 245 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2
Leisure and hospitality................ 335 395 401 432 406 381 390 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 37 42 44 48 45 44 48 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.5
Accommodation and food services....... 297 353 357 384 361 338 342 2.7 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.0
Government(6)......................... 102 117 130 117 116 114 123 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .6
State and local government............. 91 108 121 108 105 103 114 .5 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 .6
REGION(7)
Northeast........................... 248 264 264 285 275 259 268 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1
South............................... 702 744 782 821 836 764 800 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7
Midwest............................. 403 465 476 495 440 437 430 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4
West................................ 367 406 460 447 433 423 419 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 2,666 3,315 2,811 2.0 2.4 2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,360 2,943 2,493 2.1 2.6 2.2
Mining and Logging............................ 18 19 31 2.4 2.2 3.6
Construction.................................. 68 77 65 1.2 1.3 1.1
Manufacturing................................. 183 230 194 1.6 1.9 1.6
Durable goods................................ 130 156 143 1.8 2.1 1.9
Nondurable goods............................. 53 74 52 1.2 1.6 1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 371 591 487 1.5 2.3 1.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 75 135 101 1.4 2.4 1.8
Retail trade................................. 225 359 271 1.5 2.4 1.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 70 97 115 1.4 2.0 2.3
Information................................... 81 116 82 2.9 4.2 3.0
Financial activities.......................... 218 216 163 2.8 2.8 2.1
Finance and insurance........................ 186 157 132 3.2 2.7 2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 32 59 32 1.6 2.9 1.6
Professional and business services............ 593 607 460 3.4 3.4 2.6
Education and health services................. 505 599 577 2.5 2.9 2.8
Educational services......................... 52 57 51 1.5 1.7 1.5
Health care and social assistance............ 453 542 526 2.7 3.1 3.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 200 367 326 1.5 2.7 2.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 24 50 45 1.4 2.6 2.5
Accommodation and food services............. 175 317 281 1.6 2.7 2.4
Other services................................ 124 121 108 2.2 2.2 1.9
Government..................................... 306 372 318 1.3 1.6 1.4
Federal....................................... 73 74 41 2.5 2.6 1.4
State and local............................... 233 298 277 1.2 1.5 1.4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 509 566 539 2.0 2.2 2.1
South......................................... 920 1,244 1,098 1.9 2.5 2.2
Midwest....................................... 535 683 619 1.8 2.2 2.0
West.......................................... 702 822 555 2.4 2.7 1.9
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 3,485 4,057 3,708 2.7 3.1 2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,290 3,816 3,500 3.0 3.5 3.2
Mining and Logging............................ 18 27 18 2.4 3.2 2.2
Construction.................................. 234 325 214 4.1 5.6 3.8
Manufacturing................................. 222 234 187 1.9 2.0 1.6
Durable goods................................ 123 134 115 1.7 1.8 1.6
Nondurable goods............................. 99 100 72 2.2 2.2 1.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 940 893 981 3.7 3.6 3.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 91 127 69 1.7 2.3 1.2
Retail trade................................. 697 629 734 4.7 4.3 4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 153 137 177 3.2 2.8 3.6
Information................................... 62 53 64 2.3 2.0 2.4
Financial activities.......................... 119 163 139 1.6 2.1 1.8
Finance and insurance........................ 83 86 97 1.5 1.5 1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 37 76 42 1.9 3.9 2.1
Professional and business services............ 689 871 754 4.1 5.0 4.3
Education and health services................. 410 490 394 2.1 2.4 1.9
Educational services......................... 56 70 46 1.7 2.1 1.3
Health care and social assistance............ 354 420 348 2.1 2.5 2.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 474 590 603 3.7 4.5 4.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 72 90 123 4.1 4.8 7.0
Accommodation and food services............. 402 500 480 3.6 4.4 4.2
Other services................................ 121 172 147 2.2 3.2 2.7
Government..................................... 196 241 208 .9 1.1 .9
Federal....................................... 25 29 27 .9 1.0 .9
State and local............................... 171 211 181 .9 1.1 .9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 596 645 598 2.4 2.5 2.4
South......................................... 1,406 1,581 1,447 3.0 3.3 3.0
Midwest....................................... 708 958 828 2.4 3.2 2.7
West.......................................... 775 874 835 2.7 3.0 2.9
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 3,461 3,963 3,591 2.6 3.0 2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,261 3,741 3,396 3.0 3.4 3.1
Mining and Logging............................ 18 23 19 2.5 2.8 2.3
Construction.................................. 358 351 328 6.3 6.1 5.8
Manufacturing................................. 256 240 210 2.2 2.0 1.8
Durable goods................................ 135 131 122 1.9 1.8 1.7
Nondurable goods............................. 121 109 87 2.7 2.4 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 688 761 637 2.7 3.0 2.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 95 123 79 1.7 2.2 1.4
Retail trade................................. 487 502 448 3.3 3.4 3.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 106 136 110 2.2 2.8 2.2
Information................................... 59 61 56 2.2 2.3 2.1
Financial activities.......................... 121 169 134 1.6 2.2 1.8
Finance and insurance........................ 71 79 86 1.2 1.4 1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 50 90 48 2.6 4.6 2.5
Professional and business services............ 674 827 765 4.0 4.7 4.4
Education and health services................. 355 397 362 1.8 2.0 1.8
Educational services......................... 44 43 39 1.3 1.3 1.1
Health care and social assistance............ 311 354 323 1.9 2.1 1.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 578 730 711 4.5 5.5 5.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 109 143 170 6.2 7.7 9.7
Accommodation and food services............. 468 588 540 4.2 5.2 4.8
Other services................................ 153 182 176 2.8 3.3 3.2
Government..................................... 200 221 195 .9 1.0 .9
Federal....................................... 29 32 31 1.0 1.1 1.1
State and local............................... 170 189 164 .9 1.0 .8
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 661 679 649 2.6 2.7 2.6
South......................................... 1,186 1,463 1,359 2.5 3.0 2.8
Midwest....................................... 863 916 789 2.9 3.0 2.6
West.......................................... 750 905 792 2.6 3.1 2.7
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 1,438 1,950 1,594 1.1 1.5 1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,368 1,859 1,510 1.3 1.7 1.4
Mining and Logging............................ 7 15 10 .9 1.8 1.2
Construction.................................. 43 82 61 .8 1.4 1.1
Manufacturing................................. 79 109 94 .7 .9 .8
Durable goods................................ 39 58 48 .5 .8 .7
Nondurable goods............................. 40 51 46 .9 1.1 1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 331 439 330 1.3 1.8 1.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 28 69 37 .5 1.2 .7
Retail trade................................. 254 313 240 1.7 2.1 1.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 49 57 53 1.0 1.2 1.1
Information................................... 33 34 35 1.2 1.3 1.3
Financial activities.......................... 52 80 51 .7 1.0 .7
Finance and insurance........................ 34 47 34 .6 .8 .6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 18 32 17 .9 1.7 .9
Professional and business services............ 278 362 340 1.6 2.1 1.9
Education and health services................. 201 236 199 1.0 1.2 1.0
Educational services......................... 24 21 17 .7 .6 .5
Health care and social assistance............ 177 216 183 1.1 1.3 1.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 276 396 309 2.2 3.0 2.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 26 45 35 1.5 2.4 2.0
Accommodation and food services............. 250 351 275 2.3 3.1 2.4
Other services................................ 68 105 81 1.3 1.9 1.5
Government..................................... 70 91 85 .3 .4 .4
Federal....................................... 8 10 7 .3 .3 .3
State and local............................... 62 81 77 .3 .4 .4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 212 271 230 .8 1.1 .9
South......................................... 580 762 665 1.2 1.6 1.4
Midwest....................................... 347 480 363 1.2 1.6 1.2
West.......................................... 298 437 336 1.0 1.5 1.2
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 1,755 1,681 1,726 1.3 1.3 1.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,661 1,592 1,661 1.5 1.4 1.5
Mining and Logging............................ 10 5 8 1.3 .6 1.0
Construction.................................. 305 254 259 5.4 4.4 4.6
Manufacturing................................. 161 101 103 1.4 .9 .9
Durable goods................................ 84 58 66 1.2 .8 .9
Nondurable goods............................. 77 43 37 1.7 1.0 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 299 240 226 1.2 1.0 .9
Wholesale trade.............................. 54 40 33 1.0 .7 .6
Retail trade................................. 200 139 148 1.4 1.0 1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 44 61 45 .9 1.2 .9
Information................................... 22 24 20 .8 .9 .8
Financial activities.......................... 55 68 73 .7 .9 1.0
Finance and insurance........................ 26 22 45 .5 .4 .8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 28 46 28 1.5 2.4 1.4
Professional and business services............ 344 399 382 2.0 2.3 2.2
Education and health services................. 129 124 134 .6 .6 .7
Educational services......................... 17 18 18 .5 .5 .5
Health care and social assistance............ 112 105 115 .7 .6 .7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 267 312 367 2.1 2.4 2.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 81 96 133 4.6 5.1 7.6
Accommodation and food services............. 187 217 235 1.7 1.9 2.1
Other services................................ 69 65 88 1.3 1.2 1.6
Government..................................... 94 89 66 .4 .4 .3
Federal....................................... 15 14 11 .5 .5 .4
State and local............................... 79 75 55 .4 .4 .3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 403 332 349 1.6 1.3 1.4
South......................................... 514 593 598 1.1 1.2 1.2
Midwest....................................... 444 356 381 1.5 1.2 1.3
West.......................................... 394 399 399 1.4 1.4 1.4
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. Oct. Nov.
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 268 333 270 0.2 0.3 0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 233 291 225 .2 .3 .2
Mining and Logging............................ 2 3 1 .2 .4 .1
Construction.................................. 10 15 8 .2 .3 .1
Manufacturing................................. 15 29 13 .1 .2 .1
Durable goods................................ 11 14 8 .2 .2 .1
Nondurable goods............................. 4 15 4 .1 .3 .1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 58 82 81 .2 .3 .3
Wholesale trade.............................. 13 14 9 .2 .3 .2
Retail trade................................. 33 50 59 .2 .3 .4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 12 18 12 .3 .4 .2
Information................................... 5 3 2 .2 .1 .1
Financial activities.......................... 14 21 10 .2 .3 .1
Finance and insurance........................ 10 10 6 .2 .2 .1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 4 11 3 .2 .6 .2
Professional and business services............ 53 66 43 .3 .4 .2
Education and health services................. 26 37 29 .1 .2 .1
Educational services......................... 3 4 4 .1 .1 .1
Health care and social assistance............ 23 33 25 .1 .2 .1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 35 22 34 .3 .2 .3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 2 1 3 .1 .1 .2
Accommodation and food services............. 32 20 31 .3 .2 .3
Other services................................ 17 12 7 .3 .2 .1
Government..................................... 35 42 45 .2 .2 .2
Federal....................................... 6 8 13 .2 .3 .4
State and local............................... 29 33 32 .1 .2 .2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 44 76 71 .2 .3 .3
South......................................... 94 107 96 .2 .2 .2
Midwest....................................... 72 80 46 .2 .3 .2
West.......................................... 58 69 58 .2 .2 .2
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
