For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, November 6, 2012 USDL-12-2202
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – September 2012
There were 3.6 million job openings on the last business day of
September, essentially unchanged from August, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.1 percent) was little
changed while the separations rate (3.0 percent) declined in
September. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of
job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by
industry and by geographic region.
Job Openings
The number of job openings in September was 3.6 million, essentially
unchanged from August. (See table 1.) The number of openings was
little changed in all industries except government and professional
and business services, where the number decreased. The number of
openings was also little changed in all four regions in September. The
level of total nonfarm job openings in September was up from 2.4
million at the end of the recession in June 2009. (Recession dates are
determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research.)
The number of job openings in September (not seasonally adjusted) was
essentially unchanged over the year for total nonfarm, total private,
and government. Job openings increased over the year for nondurable
goods manufacturing, finance and insurance, real estate and rental and
leasing, health care and social assistance, and federal government,
but fell in mining and logging, durable goods manufacturing, and state
and local government. The Midwest region experienced a rise in job
openings over the year. (See table 7.)
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Sept.| Aug. | Sept.| Sept.| Aug. | Sept.| Sept.| Aug. | Sept.
| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p
-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..........................|3,501 |3,661 |3,561 |4,276 |4,440 |4,185 |4,089 |4,355 |4,024
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..............|3,100 |3,257 |3,192 |4,002 |4,109 |3,908 |3,808 |4,062 |3,766
Construction.................| 78 | 81 | 77 | 360 | 323 | 346 | 324 | 316 | 354
Manufacturing................| 249 | 257 | 238 | 240 | 230 | 226 | 236 | 250 | 239
Trade, transportation, | | | | | | | | |
and utilities(2)............| 599 | 592 | 597 | 810 | 892 | 824 | 811 | 883 | 806
Retail trade................| 359 | 350 | 358 | 567 | 577 | 548 | 567 | 587 | 552
Professional and | | | | | | | | |
business services...........| 692 | 761 | 651 | 911 | 915 | 863 | 857 | 911 | 832
Education and health | | | | | | | | |
services(3).................| 600 | 661 | 697 | 486 | 502 | 497 | 409 | 474 | 434
Health care and | | | | | | | | |
social assistance..........| 530 | 601 | 632 | 391 | 430 | 419 | 342 | 404 | 371
Leisure and hospitality......| 392 | 405 | 389 | 736 | 747 | 695 | 716 | 730 | 673
Arts, entertainment | | | | | | | | |
and recreation.............| 56 | 50 | 51 | 135 | 104 | 101 | 140 | 88 | 103
Accommodation and | | | | | | | | |
food services..............| 336 | 355 | 339 | 600 | 643 | 594 | 576 | 642 | 570
Government(4).................| 400 | 404 | 368 | 275 | 332 | 277 | 281 | 292 | 258
State and local..............| 345 | 327 | 299 | 248 | 300 | 243 | 250 | 262 | 228
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..........................| 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.0
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..............| 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.4
Construction.................| 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 6.4
Manufacturing................| 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.0
Trade, transportation, | | | | | | | | |
and utilities(2)............| 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.2
Retail trade................| 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.7
Professional and | | | | | | | | |
business services...........| 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.6
Education and health | | | | | | | | |
services(3).................| 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.1
Health care and | | | | | | | | |
social assistance..........| 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.2
Leisure and hospitality......| 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 4.9
Arts, entertainment | | | | | | | | |
and recreation.............| 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 7.1 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 7.3 | 4.5 | 5.3
Accommodation and | | | | | | | | |
food services..............| 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 4.9
Government(4).................| 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2
State and local..............| 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not
shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown
separately.
3 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p Preliminary
Hires
In September, the hires rate was little changed at 3.1 percent. The
hires rate was also little changed in all industries except state and
local government, where it declined. The Midwest region experienced a
decline in hires for September. (See table 2.) The number of hires in
September was 4.2 million, up from 3.7 million at the end of the
recession in June 2009.
Over the 12 months ending in September, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total private, and
government. The hires rate was little changed in all industries. The
rate decreased in the Midwest and West regions. (See table 8.)
Separations
The total separations figure includes quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Total separations is also referred to as
turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the
employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’
willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are
involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations
include separations due to retirement, death, and disability, as well
as transfers to other locations of the same firm.
In September, the total separations rate decreased for total nonfarm
and was little changed for total private and government. (See table
3.) Over the year, the total separations rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was essentially unchanged for total nonfarm and total
private but fell for government. (See table 9.)
In September, the quits rate was little changed for total nonfarm,
total private, and government. (See table 4.) The number of quits was
2.0 million in September compared to 1.8 million at the end of the
recession in June 2009.
The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over
the 12 months ending in September for total nonfarm, total private,
and government. Quits decreased over the year in arts, entertainment,
and recreation. Quits levels were essentially unchanged over the year
for all regions. (See table 10.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels and for the four regions. The layoffs and discharges
rate was little changed in September for total nonfarm, total private,
government, and all four regions. (See table 5.) The number of layoffs
and discharges for total nonfarm was 1.7 million in September down
from 2.1 million at the end of the recession in June 2009.
The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little
changed for total nonfarm and total private, but decreased for
government over the 12 months ending in September 2012. Over the year,
layoffs and discharges declined in arts, entertainment, and recreation
and in state and local government. Layoffs and discharges were
essentially unchanged over the year in all four regions. (See table
11.)
In September, there were 347,000 other separations for total nonfarm,
little changed from the previous month. The number of other
separations was little changed over the year. (See tables 6 and 12.)
Net Change in Employment
Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout
the business cycle. Net employment change results from the
relationship between hires and separations. When the number of hires
exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires
level is steady or declining. Conversely, when the number of hires is
less than the number of separations, employment declines, even if the
hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in
September 2012, hires totaled 51.6 million and separations totaled
49.8 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.8 million. These
figures include workers who may have been hired and separated more
than once during the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for October 2012
are scheduled to be released on Tuesday, December 11, 2012 at 10:00
a.m. (EST).
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, web, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires,
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special collection procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,400
nonfarm business establishments, including factories, offices, and
stores, as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50
states and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn
from a universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part
of the operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
(QCEW) program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and establishment size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed
from individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked or ratio adjusted
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the Current
Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment
is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS
sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from
these units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model
to estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward using the ratio of over-the-year CES employment change.
The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to estimate the
amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that exists in establishments
of various sizes. The model then combines the estimated churn with
the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and
separations taking place in these units that cannot be measured
through sampling.
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components–-quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations--in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12 ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The monthly alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Historical changes in JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government
time series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-
percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 3,501 3,447 3,657 3,722 3,593 3,661 3,561 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,100 3,093 3,285 3,346 3,211 3,257 3,192 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8
Construction........................... 78 69 69 68 67 81 77 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4
Manufacturing.......................... 249 259 297 296 273 257 238 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 599 562 591 588 585 592 597 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3
Retail trade.......................... 359 338 348 348 334 350 358 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.4
Professional and business services..... 692 660 718 693 641 761 651 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.5 4.1 3.5
Education and health services(6)....... 600 665 687 713 689 661 697 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3
Health care and social assistance..... 530 610 629 660 604 601 632 3.1 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.6
Leisure and hospitality................ 392 419 432 460 469 405 389 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 56 61 52 47 50 50 51 2.8 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6
Accommodation and food services....... 336 358 381 413 419 355 339 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 2.9 2.8
Government(7)........................... 400 354 372 376 382 404 368 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6
State and local........................ 345 282 302 304 329 327 299 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 606 679 675 664 671 681 664 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5
South.................................. 1,335 1,370 1,474 1,490 1,399 1,431 1,300 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.6
Midwest................................ 736 666 755 777 759 790 859 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.8
West................................... 824 732 754 792 763 758 738 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 4,276 4,213 4,461 4,284 4,278 4,440 4,185 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 4,002 3,916 4,176 4,000 3,989 4,109 3,908 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5
Construction........................... 360 276 314 355 359 323 346 6.5 5.0 5.7 6.4 6.5 5.9 6.3
Manufacturing.......................... 240 260 262 270 244 230 226 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 810 826 872 821 848 892 824 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.2
Retail trade.......................... 567 556 577 556 570 577 548 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7
Professional and business services..... 911 888 982 931 871 915 863 5.2 5.0 5.5 5.2 4.9 5.1 4.8
Education and health services(6)....... 486 495 540 494 500 502 497 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4
Health care and social assistance..... 391 427 466 425 427 430 419 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 736 717 715 700 720 747 695 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 135 123 115 108 106 104 101 7.1 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.2
Accommodation and food services....... 600 594 600 592 614 643 594 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.1
Government(7)........................... 275 297 285 284 288 332 277 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3
State and local........................ 248 263 254 256 268 300 243 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 664 673 696 701 675 676 732 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9
South.................................. 1,626 1,676 1,781 1,691 1,674 1,758 1,717 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5
Midwest................................ 996 938 1,030 985 993 1,056 894 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.5 2.9
West................................... 990 925 953 908 935 951 842 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.9
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 4,089 4,142 4,463 4,249 4,088 4,355 4,024 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,808 3,838 4,163 3,943 3,789 4,062 3,766 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.4
Construction........................... 324 290 359 342 358 316 354 5.9 5.2 6.5 6.2 6.5 5.7 6.4
Manufacturing.......................... 236 239 248 263 228 250 239 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 811 817 835 827 815 883 806 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.2
Retail trade.......................... 567 560 586 558 556 587 552 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.7
Professional and business services..... 857 855 1,035 921 807 911 832 4.9 4.8 5.8 5.1 4.5 5.1 4.6
Education and health services(6)....... 409 470 479 493 463 474 434 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1
Health care and social assistance..... 342 408 414 409 396 404 371 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.2
Leisure and hospitality................ 716 710 712 679 685 730 673 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.3 4.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 140 133 135 101 105 88 103 7.3 6.9 7.0 5.3 5.5 4.5 5.3
Accommodation and food services....... 576 577 577 578 579 642 570 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.5 4.9
Government(7)........................... 281 304 300 306 299 292 258 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2
State and local........................ 250 271 270 276 271 262 228 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 660 697 690 668 711 671 677 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.7
South.................................. 1,607 1,556 1,772 1,690 1,579 1,696 1,644 3.4 3.2 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.4
Midwest................................ 897 971 1,038 912 894 1,056 873 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.5 2.9
West................................... 925 918 963 979 905 931 829 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.2 2.8
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 2,015 2,114 2,176 2,133 2,163 2,151 1,976 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,902 1,969 2,041 1,998 2,033 2,025 1,861 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7
Construction........................... 80 70 79 86 87 75 66 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.2
Manufacturing.......................... 99 114 117 108 107 113 112 .8 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 456 455 440 465 482 471 443 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.7
Retail trade.......................... 336 332 318 330 340 337 330 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2
Professional and business services..... 395 396 439 400 386 386 379 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1
Education and health services(6)....... 244 266 269 269 279 277 244 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2
Health care and social assistance..... 215 238 239 229 248 234 209 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.2
Leisure and hospitality................ 403 445 448 440 432 430 402 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 45 47 52 49 47 44 35 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.3 1.8
Accommodation and food services....... 358 398 396 391 385 386 367 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1
Government(7)........................... 114 145 136 135 130 125 115 .5 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5
State and local........................ 104 132 124 126 119 115 106 .5 .7 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 281 309 305 300 315 325 297 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2
South.................................. 877 855 899 925 945 906 870 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8
Midwest................................ 425 495 521 474 449 488 428 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4
West................................... 433 456 452 434 454 432 381 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 1,765 1,743 1,956 1,761 1,582 1,848 1,701 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,649 1,644 1,852 1,655 1,482 1,745 1,615 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.4
Construction........................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Manufacturing.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Retail trade.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Professional and business services..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Education and health services(6)....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Health care and social assistance..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Leisure and hospitality................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Accommodation and food services....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Government(7)........................... 116 98 104 106 100 103 86 .5 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .4
State and local........................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 323 334 331 298 323 269 307 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2
South.................................. 628 614 761 633 522 686 660 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.4
Midwest................................ 393 406 443 366 365 467 352 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.2
West................................... 420 388 421 464 372 426 381 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.3
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
- Data not available.
Table 6. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Sept. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept.
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 309 285 331 355 343 356 347 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 257 224 270 290 274 292 290 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .3 .3
Construction........................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Manufacturing.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Retail trade.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Professional and business services..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Education and health services(6)....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Health care and social assistance..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Leisure and hospitality................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Accommodation and food services....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Government(7)........................... 52 61 61 65 69 64 57 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3
State and local........................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
South.................................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Midwest................................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
West................................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
- Data not available.
Table 7. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Aug Sept. Sept. Aug Sept.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 3,546 3,753 3,602 2.6 2.7 2.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,156 3,301 3,248 2.8 2.9 2.8
Mining and logging............................ 32 16 14 3.8 1.9 1.7
Construction.................................. 85 90 83 1.5 1.5 1.4
Manufacturing................................. 260 264 245 2.1 2.1 2.0
Durable goods................................ 180 160 135 2.4 2.1 1.8
Nondurable goods............................. 80 104 110 1.7 2.2 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 665 631 672 2.6 2.4 2.6
Wholesale trade.............................. 135 140 121 2.4 2.4 2.1
Retail trade................................. 423 380 428 2.8 2.5 2.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 107 110 122 2.1 2.2 2.4
Information................................... 118 117 104 4.3 4.2 3.8
Financial activities.......................... 186 265 290 2.4 3.3 3.6
Finance and insurance........................ 151 208 226 2.6 3.5 3.8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 35 58 64 1.8 2.8 3.1
Professional and business services............ 700 756 652 3.8 4.0 3.5
Education and health services................. 578 647 675 2.8 3.1 3.2
Educational services......................... 61 65 57 1.9 2.1 1.7
Health care and social assistance............ 517 582 618 3.0 3.3 3.5
Leisure and hospitality....................... 407 431 392 2.9 2.9 2.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 52 53 48 2.6 2.4 2.3
Accommodation and food services.............. 354 378 345 3.0 3.0 2.8
Other services................................ 125 84 119 2.3 1.5 2.2
Government..................................... 390 452 354 1.8 2.1 1.6
Federal....................................... 53 90 66 1.8 3.1 2.3
State and local............................... 337 363 289 1.7 2.0 1.5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 602 718 663 2.3 2.8 2.5
South......................................... 1,367 1,441 1,299 2.8 2.9 2.6
Midwest....................................... 750 834 904 2.4 2.7 2.9
West.......................................... 828 760 736 2.8 2.5 2.4
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Aug Sept. Sept. Aug Sept.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 4,507 4,962 4,357 3.4 3.7 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,130 4,376 3,991 3.8 3.9 3.6
Mining and logging............................ 28 32 24 3.4 3.8 2.9
Construction.................................. 346 312 342 6.0 5.4 5.9
Manufacturing................................. 241 252 220 2.0 2.1 1.8
Durable goods................................ 131 146 129 1.8 1.9 1.7
Nondurable goods............................. 110 105 91 2.4 2.3 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 881 944 880 3.5 3.7 3.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 127 153 124 2.3 2.7 2.2
Retail trade................................. 621 615 593 4.3 4.2 4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 133 176 164 2.7 3.6 3.3
Information................................... 59 77 61 2.2 2.9 2.3
Financial activities.......................... 143 212 176 1.9 2.7 2.3
Finance and insurance........................ 93 142 110 1.6 2.4 1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 50 71 65 2.6 3.5 3.3
Professional and business services............ 877 929 818 5.0 5.1 4.5
Education and health services................. 582 631 585 2.9 3.2 2.9
Educational services......................... 159 117 140 5.0 3.9 4.3
Health care and social assistance............ 423 515 445 2.5 3.0 2.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 755 813 701 5.6 5.7 5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 130 92 93 6.5 4.2 4.7
Accommodation and food services.............. 625 721 607 5.4 6.0 5.1
Other services................................ 218 173 183 4.1 3.2 3.4
Government..................................... 377 586 366 1.7 2.8 1.7
Federal....................................... 28 37 37 1.0 1.3 1.3
State and local............................... 348 549 329 1.8 3.0 1.7
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 746 678 831 3.0 2.7 3.3
South......................................... 1,657 2,041 1,734 3.5 4.2 3.6
Midwest....................................... 1,044 1,176 907 3.5 3.9 3.0
West.......................................... 1,060 1,067 885 3.7 3.6 3.0
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Aug Sept. Sept. Aug Sept.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 4,395 5,142 4,279 3.3 3.9 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,051 4,694 3,963 3.7 4.2 3.5
Mining and logging............................ 25 34 26 3.1 4.0 3.1
Construction.................................. 327 326 360 5.7 5.6 6.2
Manufacturing................................. 239 303 240 2.0 2.5 2.0
Durable goods................................ 132 190 150 1.8 2.5 2.0
Nondurable goods............................. 107 112 90 2.4 2.5 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 825 984 827 3.3 3.9 3.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 122 141 122 2.2 2.5 2.2
Retail trade................................. 574 674 564 3.9 4.6 3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 129 169 141 2.6 3.4 2.8
Information................................... 64 74 62 2.4 2.8 2.4
Financial activities.......................... 151 228 174 2.0 2.9 2.2
Finance and insurance........................ 97 143 113 1.7 2.5 2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 54 85 60 2.8 4.3 3.1
Professional and business services............ 815 970 782 4.7 5.4 4.3
Education and health services................. 433 600 450 2.2 3.0 2.2
Educational services......................... 71 107 69 2.2 3.6 2.1
Health care and social assistance............ 362 492 381 2.2 2.9 2.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 933 913 853 6.9 6.4 6.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 257 132 187 12.9 6.0 9.4
Accommodation and food services.............. 676 781 666 5.8 6.5 5.6
Other services................................ 239 263 190 4.5 4.9 3.5
Government..................................... 344 448 316 1.6 2.1 1.4
Federal....................................... 40 43 41 1.4 1.5 1.4
State and local............................... 304 405 275 1.6 2.2 1.4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 790 814 813 3.1 3.2 3.2
South......................................... 1,586 2,019 1,631 3.3 4.2 3.4
Midwest....................................... 1,003 1,257 939 3.3 4.2 3.1
West.......................................... 1,016 1,052 896 3.5 3.6 3.1
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Aug Sept. Sept. Aug Sept.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 2,210 2,814 2,150 1.7 2.1 1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,085 2,612 2,020 1.9 2.3 1.8
Mining and logging............................ 16 20 17 2.0 2.4 2.0
Construction.................................. 88 99 71 1.5 1.7 1.2
Manufacturing................................. 105 159 117 .9 1.3 1.0
Durable goods................................ 50 93 64 .7 1.2 .9
Nondurable goods............................. 55 66 53 1.2 1.4 1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 504 602 493 2.0 2.4 1.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 67 72 63 1.2 1.3 1.1
Retail trade................................. 373 437 369 2.6 3.0 2.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 64 92 61 1.3 1.9 1.2
Information................................... 39 45 40 1.5 1.7 1.5
Financial activities.......................... 75 128 91 1.0 1.6 1.2
Finance and insurance........................ 49 86 54 .8 1.5 .9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 27 42 36 1.4 2.1 1.8
Professional and business services............ 393 475 374 2.2 2.6 2.1
Education and health services................. 271 359 267 1.4 1.8 1.3
Educational services......................... 37 67 45 1.2 2.2 1.4
Health care and social assistance............ 235 292 222 1.4 1.7 1.3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 490 579 474 3.6 4.0 3.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 73 81 55 3.7 3.7 2.7
Accommodation and food services.............. 417 497 420 3.6 4.1 3.5
Other services................................ 104 146 76 2.0 2.7 1.4
Government..................................... 125 201 131 .6 1.0 .6
Federal....................................... 11 15 10 .4 .5 .4
State and local............................... 114 186 120 .6 1.0 .6
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 339 432 366 1.4 1.7 1.4
South......................................... 905 1,151 904 1.9 2.4 1.9
Midwest....................................... 477 680 460 1.6 2.2 1.5
West.......................................... 489 550 420 1.7 1.9 1.4
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Aug Sept. Sept. Aug Sept.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 1,886 1,954 1,789 1.4 1.5 1.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,718 1,781 1,658 1.6 1.6 1.5
Mining and logging............................ 7 12 7 .9 1.4 .9
Construction.................................. 223 211 280 3.9 3.6 4.9
Manufacturing................................. 116 120 103 1.0 1.0 .9
Durable goods................................ 69 81 72 .9 1.1 1.0
Nondurable goods............................. 47 39 31 1.0 .9 .7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 253 308 257 1.0 1.2 1.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 46 57 53 .8 1.0 .9
Retail trade................................. 165 188 136 1.1 1.3 .9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 42 63 68 .9 1.3 1.4
Information................................... 20 25 14 .8 .9 .5
Financial activities.......................... 60 69 33 .8 .9 .4
Finance and insurance........................ 39 41 19 .7 .7 .3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 22 28 14 1.1 1.4 .7
Professional and business services............ 371 453 368 2.1 2.5 2.0
Education and health services................. 133 184 142 .7 .9 .7
Educational services......................... 29 34 19 .9 1.1 .6
Health care and social assistance............ 104 150 123 .6 .9 .7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 411 299 345 3.0 2.1 2.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 182 48 129 9.1 2.2 6.5
Accommodation and food services.............. 230 251 216 2.0 2.1 1.8
Other services................................ 123 101 108 2.3 1.9 2.0
Government..................................... 168 173 131 .8 .8 .6
Federal....................................... 20 20 20 .7 .7 .7
State and local............................... 149 153 111 .8 .8 .6
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 393 307 371 1.6 1.2 1.5
South......................................... 589 762 623 1.2 1.6 1.3
Midwest....................................... 451 450 386 1.5 1.5 1.3
West.......................................... 453 436 408 1.6 1.5 1.4
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Sept. Aug Sept. Sept. Aug Sept.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 299 374 340 0.2 0.3 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 248 301 286 .2 .3 .3
Mining and logging............................ 1 1 2 .2 .2 .2
Construction.................................. 16 16 9 .3 .3 .2
Manufacturing................................. 19 24 20 .2 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 14 16 14 .2 .2 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 5 8 6 .1 .2 .1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 68 75 77 .3 .3 .3
Wholesale trade.............................. 10 12 6 .2 .2 .1
Retail trade................................. 36 49 60 .2 .3 .4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 22 14 12 .5 .3 .2
Information................................... 5 3 8 .2 .1 .3
Financial activities.......................... 16 31 50 .2 .4 .6
Finance and insurance........................ 10 17 40 .2 .3 .7
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 6 15 10 .3 .7 .5
Professional and business services............ 51 42 40 .3 .2 .2
Education and health services................. 28 57 41 .1 .3 .2
Educational services......................... 5 6 5 .1 .2 .2
Health care and social assistance............ 24 51 36 .1 .3 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 32 35 34 .2 .2 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 3 3 4 .1 .1 .2
Accommodation and food services.............. 29 32 30 .3 .3 .3
Other services................................ 12 17 5 .2 .3 .1
Government..................................... 51 73 54 .2 .4 .2
Federal....................................... 9 8 10 .3 .3 .4
State and local............................... 42 65 43 .2 .4 .2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 57 75 75 .2 .3 .3
South......................................... 94 106 105 .2 .2 .2
Midwest....................................... 74 127 91 .2 .4 .3
West.......................................... 74 67 68 .3 .2 .2
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
