For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Tuesday, December 11, 2012 USDL-12-2405
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – October 2012
There were 3.7 million job openings on the last business day of
October, little changed from September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.2 percent) and
separations rate (3.1 percent) were also little changed in October.
This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job
openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry
and by geographic region.
Job Openings
The number of job openings in October was 3.7 million, essentially
unchanged from September. (See table 1.) The number of openings was
little changed in all industries except construction, manufacturing,
and accommodation and food services, which increased. The number of
openings was also little changed in all four regions in October. The
level of total nonfarm job openings in October was up from 2.4 million
at the end of the recession in June 2009. (Recession dates are
determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research.)
_________________________________________________________________________
| Hurricane Sandy |
|Hurricane Sandy struck the Northeast Coast at the end of October. |
|All possible efforts were made to contact survey respondents in the |
|hurricane-affected areas. Special estimation procedures were used for |
|selected nonresponding sample units as discussed in the note on page 4.|
|_______________________________________________________________________|
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Oct. | Sept.| Oct. | Oct. | Sept.| Oct. | Oct. | Sept.| Oct.
| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p| 2011 | 2012 | 2012p
-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..........................|3,408 |3,547 |3,675 |4,220 |4,204 |4,339 |4,065 |4,017 |4,084
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..............|3,062 |3,172 |3,293 |3,979 |3,922 |4,056 |3,781 |3,759 |3,776
Construction.................| 80 | 82 | 130 | 333 | 327 | 321 | 325 | 332 | 299
Manufacturing................| 240 | 241 | 279 | 240 | 235 | 252 | 227 | 235 | 234
Trade, transportation, | | | | | | | | |
and utilities(2)............| 594 | 592 | 594 | 840 | 819 | 884 | 813 | 805 | 832
Retail trade................| 334 | 342 | 373 | 559 | 548 | 595 | 539 | 541 | 554
Professional and | | | | | | | | |
business services...........| 644 | 622 | 646 | 893 | 848 | 888 | 831 | 821 | 785
Education and health | | | | | | | | |
services(3).................| 622 | 725 | 660 | 484 | 499 | 499 | 450 | 438 | 471
Health care and | | | | | | | | |
social assistance..........| 558 | 654 | 608 | 414 | 417 | 428 | 386 | 375 | 396
Leisure and hospitality......| 404 | 366 | 431 | 719 | 708 | 754 | 663 | 672 | 704
Arts, entertainment | | | | | | | | |
and recreation.............| 62 | 54 | 52 | 131 | 102 | 133 | 114 | 104 | 118
Accommodation and | | | | | | | | |
food services..............| 342 | 312 | 379 | 588 | 606 | 621 | 549 | 568 | 586
Government(4).................| 345 | 375 | 382 | 241 | 283 | 283 | 285 | 258 | 308
State and local..............| 279 | 306 | 321 | 215 | 251 | 255 | 253 | 226 | 269
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..........................| 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.1
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..............| 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4
Construction.................| 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 5.4
Manufacturing................| 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0
Trade, transportation, | | | | | | | | |
and utilities(2)............| 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3
Retail trade................| 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7
Professional and | | | | | | | | |
business services...........| 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.4
Education and health | | | | | | | | |
services(3).................| 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.3
Health care and | | | | | | | | |
social assistance..........| 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3
Leisure and hospitality......| 2.9 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 5.1
Arts, entertainment | | | | | | | | |
and recreation.............| 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 6.9 | 5.3 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 6.1
Accommodation and | | | | | | | | |
food services..............| 2.9 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.0
Government(4).................| 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4
State and local..............| 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not
shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown
separately.
3 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p Preliminary
The number of job openings in October (not seasonally adjusted) was up
over the year for total nonfarm and total private, but little changed
for government. Job openings increased over the year for construction,
nondurable goods manufacturing, other services, and state and local
government, but fell in wholesale trade. The Midwest and Northeast
regions experienced a rise in job openings over the year. (See table
7.)
Hires
In October, the hires rate was little changed at 3.2 percent. The
hires rate was also little changed in all industries and regions over
the month. (See table 2.) The number of hires in October was 4.3
million, up from 3.7 million at the end of the recession in June 2009.
Over the 12 months ending in October, the hires rate (not seasonally
adjusted) was unchanged for total nonfarm and total private, and was
little changed for government. The hires rate was little changed in
all industries and regions over the 12 months ending in October. (See
table 8.)
Separations
The total separations figure includes quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Total separations is also referred to as
turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the
employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’
willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are
involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations
include separations due to retirement, death, and disability, as well
as transfers to other locations of the same firm.
In October, the total separations rate was little changed for total
nonfarm, unchanged for total private, and rose for government. (See
table 3.) Over the 12 months ending in October, the total separations
rate (not seasonally adjusted) was unchanged for total nonfarm, and
little changed for total private and government. (See table 9.)
In October, the quits rate was unchanged for total nonfarm and total
private, and little changed for government. (See table 4.) The number
of quits was 2.1 million in October compared to 1.8 million at the end
of the recession in June 2009.
The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed over
the 12 months ending in October for total nonfarm and total private,
and rose for government. Quits increased over the year in mining and
logging; transportation, warehousing, and utilities; and state and
local government. Quits levels rose in the South, but were essentially
unchanged over the year for the other three regions. (See table 10.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels and for the four regions. The layoffs and discharges
rate was little changed in October for total nonfarm, total private,
government, and all four regions. (See table 5.) The number of layoffs
and discharges for total nonfarm was 1.7 million in October, down from
2.1 million at the end of the recession in June 2009.
The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little
changed for total nonfarm, total private, and government over the 12
months ending in October 2012. Over the year, the number of layoffs
and discharges rose in mining and logging; the number fell in the
Midwest region. (See table 11.)
In October, there were 357,000 other separations for total nonfarm,
little changed from the previous month. The number of other
separations was also little changed over the year. (See tables 6 and
12.)
Net Change in Employment
Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout
the business cycle. Net employment change results from the
relationship between hires and separations. When the number of hires
exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires
level is steady or declining. Conversely, when the number of hires is
less than the number of separations, employment declines, even if the
hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in October
2012, hires totaled 51.7 million and separations totaled 49.8 million,
yielding a net employment gain of 1.9 million. These figures include
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during
the year.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for November 2012
are scheduled to be released on Thursday, January 10, 2013 at 10:00
a.m. (EST). Scheduled release dates for 2013 are as follows:
Dec. — Feb. 12 June — Aug. 6
Jan. — March 12 July — Sept. 10
Feb. — April 9 Aug. — Oct. 8
March — May 7 Sept. — Nov. 8
April — June 11 Oct. — Dec. 10
May — July 9
_____________________________________________________________________________
| Hurricane Sandy |
| |
|The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) sample is designed to |
|produce estimates of job openings, hires, and separations for the nation |
|as a whole, and for four geographic regions. Industry detail is produced |
|only for the national-level estimates. While JOLTS does not produce data |
|at the detailed local level, some effect of the storm and ensuing flooding |
|may be reflected in the JOLTS estimates. |
| |
|All possible efforts were made to contact survey respondents in the areas |
|affected by Hurricane Sandy, and special treatment procedures were used for|
|selected cases as described below. Nonresponding establishments that met |
|the following criteria were given special treatment in the October |
|estimation: 1.) The establishment exhibited a consistent pattern of |
|reporting survey data in the months preceding the storm, 2.) The |
|establishment was located in one of the most heavily damaged or flooded |
|areas as defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), |
|3.) The establishment was identified as being in a hurricane zone or |
|evacuation area by the US Army Corps of Engineers or as being in an |
|evacuation area by the New York City Office of Emergency Management, |
|4.) Research produced independent corroboration that the business location |
|was not operating, and 5.) Research produced no evidence that the |
|establishment’s workforce was still being paid or was otherwise considered |
|employed. For such establishment, BLS assumed that they had no job openings|
|as of the last business day of the month, and that by the end of October |
|the business was closed and their entire workforce was laid off. There were|
|very few establishments subject to the special procedures. |
| |
|While the preliminary estimates in this release reflect this special |
|treatment, it is not possible to quantify the effect of Hurricane Sandy on |
|the overall JOLTS estimates. Attempts to collect October data in the |
|affected areas will continue, and final October estimates will be released |
|next month. |
|___________________________________________________________________________|
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, web, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires,
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special collection procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,400
nonfarm business establishments, including factories, offices, and
stores, as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50
states and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn
from a universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part
of the operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
(QCEW) program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and establishment size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed
from individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked or ratio adjusted
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the Current
Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment
is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS
sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from
these units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model
to estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward using the ratio of over-the-year CES employment change.
The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to estimate the
amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that exists in establishments
of various sizes. The model then combines the estimated churn with
the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and
separations taking place in these units that cannot be measured
through sampling.
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components–-quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations--in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12 ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The monthly alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Historical changes in JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government
time series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-
percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 3,408 3,657 3,722 3,593 3,661 3,547 3,675 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,062 3,285 3,346 3,211 3,257 3,172 3,293 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9
Construction........................... 80 69 68 67 81 82 130 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 2.3
Manufacturing.......................... 240 297 296 273 257 241 279 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 594 591 588 585 592 592 594 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3
Retail trade.......................... 334 348 348 334 350 342 373 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.5
Professional and business services..... 644 718 693 641 761 622 646 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.5 4.1 3.3 3.5
Education and health services(6)....... 622 687 713 689 661 725 660 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.1
Health care and social assistance..... 558 629 660 604 601 654 608 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.4
Leisure and hospitality................ 404 432 460 469 405 366 431 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.6 3.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 62 52 47 50 50 54 52 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6
Accommodation and food services....... 342 381 413 419 355 312 379 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.5 2.9 2.6 3.1
Government(7)........................... 345 372 376 382 404 375 382 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7
State and local........................ 279 302 304 329 327 306 321 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 573 675 664 671 681 659 667 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5
South.................................. 1,310 1,474 1,490 1,399 1,431 1,325 1,404 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.8
Midwest................................ 715 755 777 759 790 817 842 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
West................................... 811 754 792 763 758 747 763 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 4,220 4,461 4,284 4,278 4,440 4,204 4,339 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,979 4,176 4,000 3,989 4,109 3,922 4,056 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6
Construction........................... 333 314 355 359 323 327 321 6.0 5.7 6.4 6.5 5.9 5.9 5.8
Manufacturing.......................... 240 262 270 244 230 235 252 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 840 872 821 848 892 819 884 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.5
Retail trade.......................... 559 577 556 570 577 548 595 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.0
Professional and business services..... 893 982 931 871 915 848 888 5.1 5.5 5.2 4.9 5.1 4.7 4.9
Education and health services(6)....... 484 540 494 500 502 499 499 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4
Health care and social assistance..... 414 466 425 427 430 417 428 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5
Leisure and hospitality................ 719 715 700 720 747 708 754 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.2 5.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 131 115 108 106 104 102 133 6.9 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.3 6.9
Accommodation and food services....... 588 600 592 614 643 606 621 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.1 5.3
Government(7)........................... 241 285 284 288 332 283 283 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3
State and local........................ 215 254 256 268 300 251 255 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.3
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 684 696 701 675 676 745 644 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.5
South.................................. 1,656 1,781 1,691 1,674 1,758 1,722 1,751 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6
Midwest................................ 960 1,030 985 993 1,056 893 965 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.5 2.9 3.2
West................................... 919 953 908 935 951 844 979 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.3
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 4,065 4,463 4,249 4,088 4,355 4,017 4,084 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,781 4,163 3,943 3,789 4,062 3,759 3,776 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.4
Construction........................... 325 359 342 358 316 332 299 5.9 6.5 6.2 6.5 5.7 6.0 5.4
Manufacturing.......................... 227 248 263 228 250 235 234 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 813 835 827 815 883 805 832 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.3
Retail trade.......................... 539 586 558 556 587 541 554 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.7
Professional and business services..... 831 1,035 921 807 911 821 785 4.8 5.8 5.1 4.5 5.1 4.6 4.4
Education and health services(6)....... 450 479 493 463 474 438 471 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.3
Health care and social assistance..... 386 414 409 396 404 375 396 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 663 712 679 685 730 672 704 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.3 4.9 5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 114 135 101 105 88 104 118 6.0 7.0 5.3 5.5 4.5 5.4 6.1
Accommodation and food services....... 549 577 578 579 642 568 586 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.5 4.8 5.0
Government(7)........................... 285 300 306 299 292 258 308 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4
State and local........................ 253 270 276 271 262 226 269 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 702 690 668 711 671 704 676 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.7
South.................................. 1,537 1,772 1,690 1,579 1,696 1,646 1,625 3.2 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.3
Midwest................................ 949 1,038 912 894 1,056 868 846 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.5 2.9 2.8
West................................... 877 963 979 905 931 801 937 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.2 2.7 3.2
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 1,983 2,176 2,133 2,163 2,151 1,964 2,067 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,869 2,041 1,998 2,033 2,025 1,849 1,931 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7
Construction........................... 80 79 86 87 75 69 93 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.7
Manufacturing.......................... 105 117 108 107 113 109 98 .9 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 461 440 465 482 471 425 462 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8
Retail trade.......................... 330 318 330 340 337 317 316 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1
Professional and business services..... 368 439 400 386 386 362 357 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0
Education and health services(6)....... 242 269 269 279 277 243 263 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3
Health care and social assistance..... 215 239 229 248 234 206 228 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 374 448 440 432 430 411 430 2.8 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 41 52 49 47 44 33 43 2.1 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.3 1.7 2.2
Accommodation and food services....... 334 396 391 385 386 377 387 2.9 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3
Government(7)........................... 114 136 135 130 125 115 136 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6
State and local........................ 102 124 126 119 115 105 121 .5 .6 .7 .6 .6 .5 .6
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 288 305 300 315 325 290 285 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1
South.................................. 782 899 925 945 906 868 893 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8
Midwest................................ 477 521 474 449 488 431 450 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5
West................................... 436 452 434 454 432 375 439 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.5
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 1,740 1,956 1,761 1,582 1,848 1,728 1,660 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,630 1,852 1,655 1,482 1,745 1,643 1,557 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.4
Construction........................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Manufacturing.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Retail trade.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Professional and business services..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Education and health services(6)....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Health care and social assistance..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Leisure and hospitality................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Accommodation and food services....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Government(7)........................... 110 104 106 100 103 85 102 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .4 .5
State and local........................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. 340 331 298 323 269 344 329 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.3
South.................................. 639 761 633 522 686 653 594 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.2
Midwest................................ 393 443 366 365 467 365 319 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.0
West................................... 368 421 464 372 426 366 418 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.4
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
- Data not available.
Table 6. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012p
Total.................................... 342 331 355 343 356 326 357 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 281 270 290 274 292 267 288 .3 .2 .3 .2 .3 .2 .3
Construction........................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Manufacturing.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Retail trade.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Professional and business services..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Education and health services(6)....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Health care and social assistance..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Leisure and hospitality................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Accommodation and food services....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Government(7)........................... 61 61 65 69 64 59 70 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3
State and local........................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
REGION(8)
Northeast.............................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
South.................................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Midwest................................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
West................................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes educational services, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
- Data not available.
Table 7. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 3,659 3,584 3,928 2.7 2.6 2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,310 3,217 3,546 2.9 2.8 3.1
Mining and logging............................ 22 18 16 2.7 2.1 1.9
Construction.................................. 76 86 132 1.3 1.5 2.2
Manufacturing................................. 243 246 282 2.0 2.0 2.3
Durable goods................................ 162 144 176 2.2 1.9 2.3
Nondurable goods............................. 81 102 107 1.8 2.2 2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 684 664 696 2.6 2.6 2.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 155 129 108 2.7 2.2 1.9
Retail trade................................. 423 403 483 2.8 2.7 3.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 106 131 104 2.1 2.6 2.0
Information................................... 119 101 119 4.3 3.7 4.3
Financial activities.......................... 248 280 258 3.1 3.5 3.2
Finance and insurance........................ 185 218 198 3.1 3.6 3.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 64 62 60 3.2 3.0 3.0
Professional and business services............ 702 618 695 3.8 3.3 3.7
Education and health services................. 661 705 696 3.2 3.4 3.3
Educational services......................... 68 64 56 2.0 1.9 1.6
Health care and social assistance............ 592 641 641 3.4 3.6 3.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 424 372 455 3.1 2.6 3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 63 52 53 3.2 2.5 2.7
Accommodation and food services.............. 362 320 402 3.1 2.6 3.3
Other services................................ 129 129 196 2.4 2.3 3.5
Government..................................... 349 368 383 1.5 1.7 1.7
Federal....................................... 72 67 66 2.5 2.3 2.3
State and local............................... 277 301 316 1.4 1.6 1.6
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 630 663 732 2.4 2.5 2.8
South......................................... 1,402 1,320 1,491 2.8 2.6 3.0
Midwest....................................... 740 849 871 2.4 2.7 2.8
West.......................................... 887 752 834 3.0 2.5 2.7
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 4,509 4,380 4,608 3.4 3.3 3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,275 3,999 4,352 3.9 3.6 3.9
Mining and logging............................ 29 27 27 3.5 3.1 3.3
Construction.................................. 350 320 336 6.1 5.5 5.8
Manufacturing................................. 244 230 255 2.1 1.9 2.1
Durable goods................................ 140 124 151 1.9 1.7 2.0
Nondurable goods............................. 104 106 104 2.3 2.3 2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 976 871 1,046 3.9 3.4 4.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 145 132 138 2.6 2.3 2.4
Retail trade................................. 679 592 735 4.6 4.0 5.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 153 147 173 3.1 2.9 3.5
Information................................... 62 56 68 2.3 2.2 2.6
Financial activities.......................... 193 192 207 2.5 2.5 2.7
Finance and insurance........................ 108 123 141 1.9 2.1 2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 85 69 67 4.4 3.5 3.4
Professional and business services............ 952 788 937 5.4 4.4 5.2
Education and health services................. 526 596 537 2.6 2.9 2.6
Educational services......................... 76 154 75 2.2 4.7 2.2
Health care and social assistance............ 449 442 461 2.7 2.6 2.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 689 718 719 5.2 5.2 5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 99 94 99 5.3 4.7 5.2
Accommodation and food services.............. 590 624 620 5.1 5.2 5.3
Other services................................ 255 202 219 4.8 3.8 4.1
Government..................................... 234 380 256 1.0 1.7 1.1
Federal....................................... 27 35 27 .9 1.2 1.0
State and local............................... 208 345 229 1.1 1.8 1.2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 720 839 663 2.8 3.3 2.6
South......................................... 1,795 1,745 1,886 3.7 3.6 3.9
Midwest....................................... 1,033 910 1,027 3.4 3.0 3.4
West.......................................... 960 887 1,032 3.3 3.0 3.5
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 4,286 4,291 4,267 3.2 3.2 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,062 3,971 4,022 3.7 3.5 3.6
Mining and logging............................ 23 30 35 2.9 3.5 4.2
Construction.................................. 354 338 327 6.2 5.9 5.7
Manufacturing................................. 251 235 258 2.1 2.0 2.1
Durable goods................................ 138 144 158 1.9 1.9 2.1
Nondurable goods............................. 113 91 99 2.5 2.0 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 817 820 838 3.2 3.2 3.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 130 134 136 2.3 2.4 2.4
Retail trade................................. 538 549 546 3.7 3.7 3.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 148 137 157 3.0 2.7 3.1
Information................................... 63 62 61 2.4 2.4 2.3
Financial activities.......................... 195 191 201 2.5 2.5 2.6
Finance and insurance........................ 102 123 123 1.8 2.1 2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 94 68 79 4.8 3.5 4.0
Professional and business services............ 872 775 808 4.9 4.3 4.4
Education and health services................. 422 456 438 2.1 2.2 2.1
Educational services......................... 47 71 57 1.4 2.2 1.6
Health care and social assistance............ 375 384 381 2.2 2.3 2.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 819 854 855 6.1 6.1 6.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 157 195 162 8.4 9.8 8.5
Accommodation and food services.............. 662 659 693 5.8 5.5 5.9
Other services................................ 245 211 201 4.6 3.9 3.7
Government..................................... 224 320 245 1.0 1.5 1.1
Federal....................................... 31 42 40 1.1 1.5 1.4
State and local............................... 192 278 205 1.0 1.5 1.0
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 718 841 700 2.8 3.3 2.7
South......................................... 1,619 1,644 1,675 3.4 3.4 3.4
Midwest....................................... 1,016 944 880 3.4 3.1 2.9
West.......................................... 933 862 1,011 3.2 2.9 3.4
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 2,091 2,143 2,155 1.6 1.6 1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,000 2,013 2,044 1.8 1.8 1.8
Mining and logging............................ 16 18 23 1.9 2.2 2.7
Construction.................................. 89 75 109 1.5 1.3 1.9
Manufacturing................................. 114 114 104 1.0 1.0 .9
Durable goods................................ 62 61 65 .8 .8 .9
Nondurable goods............................. 53 53 39 1.2 1.2 .9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 470 469 477 1.9 1.9 1.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 74 54 75 1.3 1.0 1.3
Retail trade................................. 335 351 318 2.3 2.4 2.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 61 64 84 1.2 1.3 1.7
Information................................... 37 38 32 1.4 1.5 1.2
Financial activities.......................... 101 113 92 1.3 1.5 1.2
Finance and insurance........................ 65 68 58 1.1 1.2 1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 36 45 33 1.9 2.3 1.7
Professional and business services............ 411 355 385 2.3 2.0 2.1
Education and health services................. 248 267 264 1.2 1.3 1.3
Educational services......................... 24 48 30 .7 1.4 .9
Health care and social assistance............ 225 219 234 1.3 1.3 1.4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 408 485 464 3.1 3.5 3.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 41 52 42 2.2 2.6 2.2
Accommodation and food services.............. 367 434 421 3.2 3.6 3.6
Other services................................ 105 77 96 2.0 1.4 1.8
Government..................................... 92 130 111 .4 .6 .5
Federal....................................... 10 11 13 .3 .4 .5
State and local............................... 82 119 98 .4 .6 .5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 301 355 295 1.2 1.4 1.1
South......................................... 816 905 918 1.7 1.9 1.9
Midwest....................................... 523 465 485 1.7 1.5 1.6
West.......................................... 450 417 457 1.5 1.4 1.5
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 1,861 1,833 1,765 1.4 1.4 1.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,770 1,698 1,684 1.6 1.5 1.5
Mining and logging............................ 5 10 11 .6 1.2 1.3
Construction.................................. 250 256 215 4.3 4.4 3.7
Manufacturing................................. 106 103 138 .9 .9 1.1
Durable goods................................ 62 71 85 .8 .9 1.1
Nondurable goods............................. 45 32 53 1.0 .7 1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 261 275 283 1.0 1.1 1.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 42 74 47 .8 1.3 .8
Retail trade................................. 151 142 183 1.0 1.0 1.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 68 59 52 1.4 1.2 1.0
Information................................... 23 16 22 .9 .6 .8
Financial activities.......................... 75 36 74 1.0 .5 1.0
Finance and insurance........................ 25 22 33 .4 .4 .6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 49 14 41 2.5 .7 2.1
Professional and business services............ 401 388 339 2.3 2.2 1.9
Education and health services................. 134 143 139 .7 .7 .7
Educational services......................... 20 19 22 .6 .6 .6
Health care and social assistance............ 114 124 117 .7 .7 .7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 387 342 361 2.9 2.5 2.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 114 140 116 6.1 7.0 6.1
Accommodation and food services.............. 273 202 245 2.4 1.7 2.1
Other services................................ 128 130 103 2.4 2.4 1.9
Government..................................... 91 135 81 .4 .6 .4
Federal....................................... 14 21 17 .5 .7 .6
State and local............................... 77 114 65 .4 .6 .3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 340 414 340 1.3 1.6 1.3
South......................................... 688 624 623 1.4 1.3 1.3
Midwest....................................... 416 411 321 1.4 1.4 1.0
West.......................................... 417 383 481 1.4 1.3 1.6
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct.
2011 2012 2012p 2011 2012 2012p
Total........................................... 333 315 347 0.3 0.2 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 292 260 294 .3 .2 .3
Mining and logging............................ 3 2 2 .3 .2 .2
Construction.................................. 15 7 3 .3 .1 .1
Manufacturing................................. 31 18 16 .3 .2 .1
Durable goods................................ 15 12 9 .2 .2 .1
Nondurable goods............................. 16 6 7 .4 .1 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 86 76 79 .3 .3 .3
Wholesale trade.............................. 15 6 14 .3 .1 .2
Retail trade................................. 52 57 45 .4 .4 .3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 19 13 21 .4 .3 .4
Information................................... 3 7 7 .1 .3 .3
Financial activities.......................... 20 42 36 .3 .5 .5
Finance and insurance........................ 11 32 31 .2 .6 .5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 8 10 5 .4 .5 .2
Professional and business services............ 59 32 84 .3 .2 .5
Education and health services................. 40 46 34 .2 .2 .2
Educational services......................... 4 5 4 .1 .1 .1
Health care and social assistance............ 36 41 30 .2 .2 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 23 27 30 .2 .2 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 2 4 3 .1 .2 .2
Accommodation and food services.............. 22 24 27 .2 .2 .2
Other services................................ 12 4 3 .2 .1 .1
Government..................................... 41 55 53 .2 .3 .2
Federal....................................... 8 10 10 .3 .4 .4
State and local............................... 33 45 42 .2 .2 .2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 76 72 65 .3 .3 .3
South......................................... 114 115 135 .2 .2 .3
Midwest....................................... 76 67 75 .3 .2 .2
West.......................................... 66 61 72 .2 .2 .2
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p Preliminary
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
