Table 2. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, hours, compensation, and unit labor costs, 1987-2009
Average annual percent change, 1987-2009
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NAICS Industry Output Labor Unit labor
code per hour Output Hours compensation costs
Manufacturing
311 Food 1.2 1.3 0.2 3.0 1.6
3111 Animal food 3.0 2.2 -0.8 3.2 1.0
3112 Grain and oilseed milling 2.3 1.5 -0.9 2.2 0.7
3113 Sugar and confectionery products 0.8 -0.5 -1.2 1.7 2.2
3114 Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty 1.3 1.1 -0.2 2.9 1.7
3115 Dairy products 1.8 1.1 -0.7 3.2 2.2
3116 Animal slaughtering and processing 1.0 2.2 1.2 3.6 1.4
3117 Seafood product preparation and packaging 1.6 0.3 -1.2 2.6 2.2
3118 Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing 0.5 0.2 -0.3 2.1 1.9
3119 Other food products 0.6 1.9 1.2 4.0 2.1
312 Beverages and tobacco products 0.7 -0.7 -1.4 1.1 1.8
3121 Beverages 2.2 1.3 -0.9 1.8 0.6
3122 Tobacco and tobacco products 0.4 -4.1 -4.5 -1.9 2.3
313 Textile mills 3.4 -3.3 -6.5 -3.3 0.0
3131 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills 3.5 -2.8 -6.0 -3.1 -0.4
3132 Fabric mills 4.9 -3.1 -7.6 -3.3 -0.2
3133 Textile and fabric finishing mills 0.4 -4.4 -4.8 -3.5 0.9
314 Textile product mills 0.5 -2.2 -2.7 -0.1 2.2
3141 Textile furnishings mills 0.1 -2.9 -2.9 -0.8 2.1
3149 Other textile product mills 1.4 -1.1 -2.4 0.9 2.0
315 Apparel -2.3 -9.3 -7.1 -6.1 3.5
3151 Apparel knitting mills -0.6 -7.8 -7.3 -6.8 1.1
3152 Cut and sew apparel -2.8 -9.9 -7.3 -6.1 4.1
3159 Accessories and other apparel -2.8 -7.3 -4.6 -4.5 3.0
316 Leather and allied products 1.4 -5.5 -6.9 -3.5 2.1
3161 Leather and hide tanning and finishing -0.6 -6.6 -6.0 -3.9 2.9
3162 Footwear 2.1 -6.3 -8.2 -4.7 1.7
3169 Other leather products 0.6 -4.5 -5.0 -1.8 2.8
321 Wood products 1.1 -1.2 -2.3 1.2 2.4
3211 Sawmills and wood preservation 2.7 -0.6 -3.2 0.4 1.0
3212 Plywood and engineered wood products 0.6 -1.6 -2.1 0.5 2.1
3219 Other wood products 0.7 -1.3 -2.0 1.8 3.1
322 Paper and paper products 1.9 -0.3 -2.2 1.1 1.4
3221 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 2.8 -0.6 -3.3 0.3 0.9
3222 Converted paper products 1.5 -0.1 -1.6 1.7 1.8
323 Printing and related support activities 1.2 -0.6 -1.8 0.9 1.5
3231 Printing and related support activities 1.2 -0.6 -1.8 0.9 1.5
324 Petroleum and coal products 2.6 1.0 -1.5 3.8 2.7
3241 Petroleum and coal products 2.6 1.0 -1.5 3.8 2.7
325 Chemicals 1.4 0.5 -0.9 2.9 2.4
3251 Basic chemicals 1.9 -0.4 -2.3 1.6 2.0
3252 Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers 1.7 -0.4 -2.1 1.5 1.9
3253 Agricultural chemicals 2.9 0.8 -2.0 1.6 0.8
3254 Pharmaceuticals and medicines 0.4 2.5 2.1 6.1 3.5
3255 Paints, coatings, and adhesives 0.7 -1.2 -1.8 2.0 3.2
3256 Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries 2.9 1.8 -1.0 2.7 0.8
3259 Other chemical products and preparations 2.1 -0.4 -2.5 1.1 1.5
326 Plastics and rubber products 1.9 0.8 -1.1 2.2 1.4
3261 Plastics products 1.8 1.1 -0.7 2.6 1.6
3262 Rubber products 2.0 -0.4 -2.4 0.7 1.1
327 Nonmetallic mineral products 0.8 -0.5 -1.3 1.4 1.9
3271 Clay products and refractories 0.5 -2.5 -3.0 -1.2 1.4
3272 Glass and glass products 2.1 -0.2 -2.2 0.6 0.8
3273 Cement and concrete products -0.1 -0.5 -0.4 2.3 2.8
3274 Lime and gypsum products 0.7 -1.1 -1.8 1.8 3.0
3279 Other nonmetallic mineral products 1.3 0.5 -0.8 2.1 1.6
331 Primary metals 1.9 -1.2 -3.0 0.2 1.3
3311 Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy production 3.8 0.4 -3.3 -0.4 -0.8
3312 Steel products from purchased steel -1.6 -3.2 -1.6 0.8 4.1
3313 Alumina and aluminum production 2.1 -1.2 -3.2 0.1 1.3
3314 Other nonferrous metal production 0.7 -2.1 -2.8 1.7 3.9
3315 Foundries 1.9 -1.3 -3.2 0.0 1.4
332 Fabricated metal products 1.2 0.2 -1.0 2.2 2.0
3321 Forging and stamping 2.5 0.3 -2.1 1.5 1.1
3322 Cutlery and hand tools 0.8 -1.9 -2.6 0.5 2.4
3323 Architectural and structural metals 0.7 0.5 -0.1 3.1 2.5
3324 Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers 0.6 -0.4 -1.1 1.6 2.0
3325 Hardware 0.4 -4.0 -4.4 -1.8 2.3
3326 Spring and wire products 2.4 -0.5 -2.8 1.0 1.5
3327 Machine shops and threaded products 1.8 1.8 0.0 3.4 1.6
3328 Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals 2.5 1.7 -0.8 2.6 0.9
3329 Other fabricated metal products 1.3 -0.2 -1.5 1.5 1.7
333 Machinery 2.1 0.6 -1.5 1.6 1.0
3331 Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery 2.3 2.2 -0.1 2.8 0.6
3332 Industrial machinery 1.8 -0.1 -1.9 1.7 1.8
3333 Commercial and service industry machinery 1.3 -0.9 -2.1 0.2 1.1
3334 HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment 2.1 0.7 -1.3 1.9 1.1
3335 Metalworking machinery 1.6 -1.1 -2.6 0.5 1.6
3336 Turbine and power transmission equipment 1.2 0.4 -0.9 0.9 0.6
3339 Other general purpose machinery 2.4 0.8 -1.6 2.3 1.5
334 Computer and electronic products 11.2 8.4 -2.5 0.8 -7.0
3341 Computer and peripheral equipment 23.3 18.3 -4.1 -2.6 -17.6
3342 Communications equipment 5.4 2.5 -2.8 0.2 -2.2
3343 Audio and video equipment 1.8 -2.5 -4.2 -0.7 1.8
3344 Semiconductors and electronic components 15.9 13.6 -2.0 1.2 -10.9
3345 Electronic instruments 3.9 1.7 -2.1 1.9 0.2
3346 Magnetic media manufacturing and reproduction 2.4 1.0 -1.4 0.6 -0.4
335 Electrical equipment and appliances 2.3 -0.6 -2.8 0.9 1.5
3351 Electric lighting equipment 2.0 -0.7 -2.6 1.2 1.9
3352 Household appliances 3.7 -0.1 -3.7 -0.8 -0.7
3353 Electrical equipment 2.3 -0.4 -2.7 0.9 1.3
3359 Other electrical equipment and components 1.6 -0.9 -2.4 1.5 2.4
336 Transportation equipment 2.7 0.5 -2.1 0.7 0.2
3361 Motor vehicles 3.0 -0.6 -3.5 -0.8 -0.2
3362 Motor vehicle bodies and trailers 0.8 -0.6 -1.4 2.4 3.0
3363 Motor vehicle parts 2.7 0.6 -2.1 -0.2 -0.8
3364 Aerospace products and parts 2.0 -0.2 -2.1 0.9 1.1
3365 Railroad rolling stock 5.0 4.2 -0.8 3.4 -0.8
3366 Ship and boat building 2.3 0.6 -1.7 2.6 2.0
3369 Other transportation equipment 6.2 6.4 0.2 5.1 -1.3
337 Furniture and related products 1.3 -0.8 -2.1 1.0 1.9
3371 Household and institutional furniture 1.2 -1.2 -2.4 0.8 2.0
3372 Office furniture and fixtures 1.1 -0.7 -1.8 1.3 2.0
3379 Other furniture-related products 2.0 1.1 -0.9 2.0 0.9
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing 2.9 2.4 -0.4 4.0 1.5
3391 Medical equipment and supplies 3.4 4.6 1.2 5.7 1.0
3399 Other miscellaneous manufacturing 2.1 0.4 -1.7 2.4 2.0
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics